Carwyn James BTEC Media

A budgeting sheet details money that will be spent within producing a film, in our case we didn't have to spend any money as we had free rental of equipment and we didn't need to travel anywhere.

A location recce is a document that details the logistics of a location and the eligibility of such a location. A release is a document providing permission to use the location stated.

A production schedule is a document detailing the plan for pre-production, shooting and post-production. In this case you can see we scheduled to complete budgeting for day one, film interviewee one on day three and edit our documentary on day six.

Talent releases are documents giving us permission to film individuals.

BBC News at Ten, 26th of May 2016

-Ban on legal highs

-Government considers changes to pension fund of steel workers

-EU Referendum dispute

-Hilary Clinton criticised for using private email for work purposes during her time in government

-Who is "Mrs M&S"?

-Andy Murray makes it through to the third round of the French Open

During the opening sequence, a large red globe is shown, showing cities such as Beijing and Madrid, interconnected with a series of lines. Circles "ripple" from the centre of the globe, as later, a large number ten can be seen in the centre. These visuals have most likely been used to symbolise BBC News having global coverage and connecting viewers with countries across the world. The "rippling" circles most likely symbolise the BBC broadcasting throughout the world, and the ten symbolises when BBC News at 10 was shown, at 10pm.

As these visuals were shown, dramatic music was played in the background, reinforcing the fact that the news is a professional and serious programme, and it gives weight and an air of trust around the broadcast. As the dramatic music was played, a series of "pips" were played at a one-second interval. These pips are known as the Greenwich Time Signal and was originally used by radio stations to signify the start of a new hour, although they have been used by some stations half-hourly or even quarter-hourly. These pips were written into the current BBC News at Ten composition by composer David Lowe in 1999.

The newsreader in the broadcast that I watched was the 54-year-old male, Huw Edwards. Edwards hosts BBC News at Ten, Britain's most popular news programme. He also covers state events when David Dimbleby is unable to, such as the general election and the Queen's Jubilee.

A newsreader is responsible for delivering news reports, using their tone of voice and pacing to make the stories sound engaging. Visually, attention is paid to the newsreader's clothing, makeup, mannerisms, on-screen personality, ability to use auto-cue and their ability to work with a producer giving audio instructions in real-time. Newsreaders also have to work in a competitive industry and have the skills to cope with such pressure.
Newsreaders have to be an effective communicator, as well as possess strong written and verbal English language skills. Enthusiasm and professionalism are also required, as well as a passion for news reporting. 

News ordering is the process of ordering stories on a programme, it is also called the running order. The most important or interesting story is often placed first at the news programme, and here is where most of the time is dedicated. This is placed here so that the most amount of time can be spent talking about the most interesting story. Other stories are placed below the lead story, so less time can be spent on them. Towards the end of the running order are light-hearted stories or sports round-ups. The ability to think and act quickly is important in the news, as news stories often change or develop, and it is important to be flexible with your programme to reflect these changes or developments. Producers may also come up with last-minute changes. Slow news day is when media organisations publish trivial stories due to the lack of more substantial topics. The final story is often the "and finally", this is usually a light-hearted or humorous story to finish the programme on a lighter ending.

An example of "and finally" news

News values determine how much prominence a news story is given by a media outlet, and the attention it is given by its audience. In 1965, media researchers Galtung & Ruge analysed news stories to find common factors, they coined the phrase 'news values' to describe these common factors. One news story such as "Dyke Condemns Marseille's Euro 2016 Security" could incorporate news values such as immediacy, familiarity, amplitude, surprise, continuity, elite nations and personalisation.
Bias through selection and omission is a method an editor can use to express bias by choosing whether to use a news story or not. Within this story, some details can be ignored, and others can be included to give the audience a different opinion about the events reported. For example in the Daily Mail story below, the editor may leave out potential benefits of remaining in the EU to persuade the audience to vote for the Leave campaign.
Bias through placement is where the position of a story influences what the audience thinks about its significance. Stories on the front page or high on the running order are thought to be more important than stories at the back, or low in the running order. For example, the front page of Sky News prioritises a piece on the Orlando gunman over other stories lower in the running order.
Bias through headline is when a headline conveys an emotional or feeling that is not representative of the actual story. For example, a headline conveying excitement when the story isn't exciting, or expressing approval or disapproval. This happens because a headline is a must-read part, as they are often printed in large and bold fonts.
Pictures can make a person look positive, negative, humorous, serious etc. These photos or images can heavily influence the audience's perception of a person or event. This can lead to bias through photos, captions and camera angles. For example, an image of Donald Trump looking angry could be used to accompany a negative news story about him.
News media often uses labels and titles to describe people, places and events. For example, an individual could be called an "ex-con" or somebody who "served time twenty years ago for a minor offence."
People can be influenced by the use of positive or negative words with a certain connotation. People can also be influenced by the tone that a newscaster uses when saying certain words.  For example, if a newsreader said "Xenophobic, fascist shouty-man Donald Trump spews further fascist nonsense", this would give a negative view of Donald Trump.

Primary Research Collected

Gender

Age

Awareness of EU Referendum

Interest

Voting

Documentary

A referendum is being held on Thursday 23rd June to decide whether the UK should remain in the European Union or not. Everyone, or nearly everyone, of voting age can take part, voting "yes or "no". 

One example of a documentary about the EU referendum is the BBC's "Europe 'Them' or 'Us'?". This documentary telling the story of "Britain's troubled relationship with Europe". The two-part production details the potential outcome and fallout of the referendum, including both domestic politics and politics abroad.

Logistically our production wouldn't be too costing, a few interviews with college students and members of the public wouldn't amount to much expenditure. 

Members of the public and the media do not need a permit to film or photograph in public places, however richmond.gov.uk recommends that if passers-by are caught on camera, filmmakers should obtain consent from those appearing on camera. They also suggest that steps should be taken to obscure the individual's face. The European Convention also recommends that if the individual assumed a reasonable expectation of privacy in respect of the image, that the image or footage could amount to "misuse of private information", and would breach European Convention laws on filming in a public space.

Libel, or defamation, is described as the "communication of a false statement that harms the reputation of an individual person, business, product, group, government, religion or nation." This applies to my documentary, as if I manipulated my footage to make it look like Nigel Farage eats small children, he could claim libel or defamation as this is obviously a false statement.

I would be in danger of infringing the Ofcom Broadcasting Code if I didn't obtain the consent of individuals I was filming, this is in reference to entry 8.11. I would also breach the broadcasting code if I broadcast footage or audio of those in distress whilst interviewing them. 

-Redwood FC

-EU Referendum

-Euros
-Olympics

I'm going to go forward with the concept of making a 3MW about the upcoming European Referendum. The idea seemed to be popular with my peers in my media class, and considering they're my audience I suppose I better listen to them.
I'm going to try and record people's opinions on the referendum, as well as try and interview local MPs and their opinions. Although this is most likely a very long shot.
Having thought about the concept further, I've decided to make a lighthearted Michael Moore style documentary about what is in fact a serious topic. I feel this will get the best response and reaction from my interviewees. This documentary would be an interactive documentary, there would be a presenter or filmmaker active within the film providing commentary and asking questions.
My target audience would be students, around the 15-20 age bracket. The aim of the documentary would be to explain the general basis of the arguments between the In and the Out camps, and the potential outcomes of the referendum.
In terms of location, we could film in college and in the Gorleston High Street, however it is my ambition to interview local MPs, although this might be difficult to achieve. Aim high right? At the moment, we wouldn't need to travel to any locations.
Our production would require a camera man and a presenter, although a microphone operator would be ideal as well as some MPs or political experts.
In terms of questions we could ask which side of the argument somebody identifies with, as well as their reasons for voting.
We won't need any costumes for our production, although we will need a camera and a microphone. A boom mic would be amazing, although I don't think the college has one of these.
Our proposed budget will be £0. If we don't have to spend any money, then happy days.

Director and filmmaker, Michael Moore

A documentary is considered as a media production, be it film, television or radio, that provides a factual report on a particular subject.
Bill Nichols is an American film critic and theoretician who is best known for his pioneering work as the founder of contemporary study on documentaries. Nichols said that:

Expository

An expository documentary has a disembodied and authoritative voice over that directly addresses the audience on what is happening in the accompanying images. The narration gives meaning to the images, not opinion. Captions are also used to reinforce facts and arguments provided by the voice over. The effect of such a documentary is one of objectivity as well as direct and transparent representation. An example of an expository documentary is the 2005 film, March of the Penguins.  

Observational

An observational documentary is unobtrusive, it presents a slice of life. The filmmaker doesn't intervene in what is being shown, they are hidden from the audience and are therefore an uninvolved bystander. Observational documentaries presents a transparent record of an event and is neutral and non-judgmental. The audience decides on what to think or decode from the images shown. An example of an observational documentary is Salesman, from 1968. 

In an interactive documentary, the filmaker's presence is evident, they are an active participant. There is interaction between the interviewees, the presenter and the audience. Agendas are usually presented and manipulation of the text through editing is much more evident. Interactive documentaries are criticized for misrepresentation and manipulation. An example of an interactive documentary would be Exit Through the Gift Shop.

Reflexive 

In a reflexive documentary the filmaker attempts to expose the conventions of documentary to the audience. The construction of documentary are exposed and experiemented with. The text will consist of shots that have captured 'everyday life' but are used as bricks which can make vastly different/experimental films. An example of a reflexive documentary would be Stories We Tell.

Preformative

This represents the world indirectly and emphasises presentation rather than content. Re-enactments, exaggerated camera position and soundtracks submerge the audience into the diegesis. Preformative films are often engaging, entertaining and enlightening.  Preformative documentaries aim to present the subject matter in an subjective, expressive, stylised, evocative and visceral manner. A filmmaker may want to control how facts are delivered and hopefully make the audience interpret the facts to meet the filmmaker's own agenda. This manner of dramatisations and re-enactments can exaggerate bias, the filmmaker's perspective becomes presented as fact. The personal point-of-view of interviewees may become private or disassociated from social perceptions, and preformative films often become reliant on the filmmaker's own voice. An example of a preformative documentary would be the 1989 film, Tongues Untied.

Conclusion